O palavra conclave tem origem no latim "cum" (com) "clave" (chave) e é utilizada para definir o local onde os cardiais se reúnem em clausura para eleger um novo Papa.
Esta palavra foi usada pela primeira vez pelo Papa Gregório X, em 1274, e este ritual tem-se mantido inalterado desde então.
Reunidos em Viterbo para a eleição de um novo Papa, os 18 cardiais eleitores da altura não conseguem por-se de acordo quanto à escolha do Futuro Papa. Após 2 anos e 9 meses, os fiéis afim de acelerar a escolha decidiram trancar as portas do palácio e fornecer-lhes apenas pão e água até que houvesse uma decisão. Rapidamente, nestas condições, um novo Papa foi eleito.
O Papa eleito, Gregório X, estabeleceu então regras muito rígidas a partir dessa época para as futuras eleições para evitar novas demoras.
Actualmente, os conclaves realizam-se na Capela Sistina do Vaticano, mas nem sempre ocorreram nesse local, aliás, esse só foi decretado como sede exclusiva dos conclaves em 1996, pela Constituição Apostólica de João Paulo II.
Os vários conclaves tiveram locais bastantes variados:
- Roma, 34 vezes, além das inúmeras que se supõem e não estão devidamente confirmadas.
- Vaticano, 51 vezes, dos quais 24 na Capela Sistina.
- Perugia, 5 vezes.
- Viterbo, 5 vezes.
- Avignon (França), 5 vezes.
- Nápoles, 2 vezes,
- E 1 vez em: Siena, Terracina, Velletri, Verona, Ferrara, Pisa, Constance (Alemanha), Anagni, Arezzo, Lyon (França) e Veneza.
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